延边大学医学学报

支气管哮喘是儿童期常见的慢性气道炎症性疾病之一，病理特征为辅助型T细胞2主导炎症的气道高反应性及气道重塑。我国儿童哮喘死亡率虽已下降，但诊断不足和高度表型异质性仍是临床管理的主要挑战，亟须精细的分型和分层工具。相比于传统方法，诱导痰技术凭借非侵入性、可重复性及精准反映气道微环境的优势，为哮喘表型鉴别、个体化治疗和预后评估提供了新视角。多组学技术的融合更使该技术成为整合转录组、蛋白质组和代谢组信息，以深入解析哮喘内型、识别高危个体的独特方法。现系统阐述诱导痰关键生物标志物在儿童哮喘表型鉴别、糖皮质激素反应性评估及急性加重预警中的临床应用证据，旨在推动该技术在临床的广泛应用。然而，单一标志物受限于哮喘的复杂性，未来需通过多组学整合及大样本验证构建精准的诊疗体系。

Bronchial asthma is one of the common chronic airway inflammatory diseases in childhood, characterized pathologically by T-helper 2 cell-dominated airway inflammation, airway hyperresponsiveness, and airway remodeling. Although the mortality rate of childhood asthma in China has declined, underdiagnosis and high phenotypic heterogeneity remain major challenges for clinical management, creating an urgent need for refined classification and stratification tools. Compared to traditional methods, induced sputum technology, with its advantages of being non-invasive, reproducible, and accurately reflecting the airway microenvironment, offers a new perspective for asthma phenotype identification, personalized treatment, and prognosis assessment. The integration of multi-omics technologies further makes this technique a unique approach to integrate transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic information for in-depth analysis of asthma endotypes and identification of high-risk individuals. This article systematically reviews the clinical application evidence of key induced sputum biomarkers in the identification of childhood asthma phenotypes, assessment of corticosteroid responsiveness, and early warning of acute exacerbations, aiming to promote the widespread clinical application of this technology. However, single biomarkers are limited by the complexity of asthma. Future efforts require constructing a precise diagnosis and treatment system through multi-omics integration and validation with largescale samples.