延边大学医学学报

目的：调查年龄≥65岁老年人骨质疏松症的患病现状，分析其影响因素，为老年人骨质疏松症的预防和治疗提供科学依据。方法：采用横断面调查方法，选取2022年12月至2024年12月在北京市中关村医院全科医学科门诊就诊的年龄≥65岁老年人582例作为研究对象。采用双能X线骨密度仪测定骨密度，通过问卷调查收集一般资料和相关危险因素。采用单因素分析和多因素Logistic回归分析骨质疏松症的影响因素。结果：582例老年人中，骨质疏松症患者245例，患病率为42.1%。骨质疏松症和非骨质疏松症老年人年龄、性别、体质量指数(BMI)、吸烟史、饮酒史、缺乏运动、未补充钙剂、维生素D缺乏、女性绝经年龄对比，差异存在统计学意义(P<0.05)。单因素分析显示，年龄≥75岁、女性、BMI<23 kg/m²、吸烟史、饮酒史、缺乏运动、未补充钙剂、维生素D缺乏、早绝经(<50岁)均与老年人发生骨质疏松症相关(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示，年龄≥75岁、女性、BMI<23 kg/m²、吸烟史、缺乏运动、维生素D缺乏是导致老年人发生骨质疏松症的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。骨质疏松症患病率随年龄的增长而升高，≥80岁老年人患病率最高(P<0.05)。结论：年龄≥65岁老年人骨质疏松症的患病率较高，年龄≥75岁、女性、BMI<23 kg/m²、吸烟史、缺乏运动、维生素D缺乏是其独立影响因素。针对高危人群应加强骨质疏松症的筛查和预防。

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of osteoporosis in the elderly aged ≥65 years and analyze its influencing factors, so as to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis in the elderly. Methods: A crosssectional survey was conducted, selecting 582 elderly patients aged ≥65 years who attended the outpatient department of General Practice at Beijing Zhongguancun Hospital from December 2022 to December 2024 as the study subjects. Bone mineral density was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. General information and related risk factors were collected via questionnaires. Univariate analysis and multivariate Logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the influencing factors of osteoporosis. Results: Among the 582 elderly patients, 245 were diagnosed with osteoporosis, yielding a prevalence rate of 42.1%. Statistically significant differences(P < 0.05) were found between the osteoporosis and non-osteoporosis groups in terms of age, gender, BMI, smoking history, drinking history, lack of exercise, non-supplementation of calcium, vitamin D deficiency, and age at menopause in females. Univariate analysis showed that age ≥75 years, female gender, BMI <23 kg/m², smoking history, drinking history, lack of exercise, non-supplementation of calcium, vitamin D deficiency, and early menopause(<50 years) were all associated with the occurrence of osteoporosis in the elderly aged ≥65 years(P < 0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis revealed that age ≥75 years, female gender, BMI <23 kg/m², smoking history, lack of exercise, and vitamin D deficiency were independent risk factors for osteoporosis in the elderly aged ≥65 years(P < 0.05). The prevalence of osteoporosis increased with age, with the highest prevalence observed in those aged ≥80 years(P < 0.05). Conclusion: The prevalence of osteoporosis is high among the elderly aged ≥65 years. Age ≥75 years, female gender, BMI <23 kg/m², smoking history, lack of exercise, and vitamin D deficiency are independent influencing factors. Screening and prevention of osteoporosis should be strengthened for high-risk populations.